What increases the risk of heart disease?

The correct response highlights a crucial aspect of cholesterol management in relation to heart disease risk. The presence of both good cholesterol (HDL) and bad cholesterol (LDL) at levels over 5.2 mmol/l indicates a balance that is skewed towards higher concentrations of potentially harmful lipids. Elevated levels of these cholesterol fractions can contribute to atherosclerosis, where plaque builds up in the arteries, leading to an increased risk of heart disease.

For clarity, a high HDL level is generally associated with a lower risk of heart disease, as HDL helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries. Conversely, a low HDL level increases risk, as it fails to perform this protective function effectively. Additionally, having low LDL cholesterol is beneficial and usually correlates with a reduced risk of cardiovascular issues. Therefore, when both good and bad cholesterol levels are high, it can lead to significant cardiovascular risk, making the choice that indicates elevated cholesterol levels the most fitting answer.