What characterizes Kwashiorkor disease?

Kwashiorkor is primarily characterized by a deficiency in protein while having adequate caloric intake. This condition often arises in situations where there is a lack of protein-rich foods, even if overall calorie consumption is sufficient. Individuals with Kwashiorkor may appear swollen or edematous, particularly in the abdomen, due to fluid retention that results from low protein levels affecting the body's ability to maintain proper fluid balance.

The emphasis on adequate caloric intake is critical in distinguishing Kwashiorkor from other forms of malnutrition, such as marasmus, where both protein and caloric deficiencies are present. In Kwashiorkor, the absence of proteins leads to a specific set of symptoms, including skin lesions, hair changes, and immune dysfunction, even in the face of sufficient energy intake. This understanding highlights the importance of nutritional quality—specifically protein—beyond just the quantity of calories consumed.